Useful Commands in (Linux)

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Useful Commands in (Linux)

A comprehensive list of commands needed when using Ubuntu:

Command privileges.

root@penreturns:~$ sudo command - run command as root

root@penreturns:~$ sudo su – root shell open

root@penreturns:~$ sudo su user – open shell as a user

root@penreturns:~$ sudo -k – forget your password sudo

root@penreturns:~$ gksudo command – sudo visual dialog (GNOME)

root@penreturns:~$ kdesudo command – sudo visual dialog (KDE)

root@penreturns:~$ sudo visudo – edit / etc / sudoers

root@penreturns:~$ gksudo nautilus – root file manager (GNOME)

root@penreturns:~$ kdesudo konqueror – root file manager (KDE)

root@penreturns:~$ passwd – change your password

Command Network.

root@penreturns:~$ ifconfig – displays information network

root@penreturns:~$ iwconfig – displays information from wireless

root@penreturns:~$ sudo iwlist scan – scan wireless networks

root@penreturns:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart – reset the network

root@penreturns:~$ (file) /etc/network/interfaces – manual configuration

root@penreturns:~$ ifup interface – bring online interface

root@penreturns:~$ ifdown interface – disable interface

Commands Display

root@penreturns:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart – reset X (Gnome)

root@penreturns:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/kdm restart – reset X (KDE)

root@penreturns:~$ (file) /etc/X11/xorg.conf – show Configuration

root@penreturns:~$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure - reconfigure xserver-xorg-phigh - reset configuration X

Ctrl+Alt+Bksp – X display reset if frozen

Ctrl+Alt+FN – switch to tty N

Ctrl+Alt+F7 – switch back to X display

Commands Service System.

root@penreturns:~$ start service – service to start work (Upstart)

root@penreturns:~$ stop service – service to stop working (Upstart)

root@penreturns:~$ status service – check if service is running (Upstart)

root@penreturns:~$ /etc/init.d/service start – start service (SysV)

root@penreturns:~$ /etc/init.d/service stop – stop service (SysV)

root@penreturns:~$ /etc/init.d/service status – check service (SysV)

root@penreturns:~$ /etc/init.d/service restart – reset service (SysV)

root@penreturns:~$ runlevel – get current runlevel

Commands for Firewall.

root@penreturns:~$ ufw enable – turn on the firewall

root@penreturns:~$ ufw disable – turn off the firewall

root@penreturns:~$ ufw default allow – allow all connections by default

root@penreturns:~$ ufw default deny – drop all connections by default

root@penreturns:~$ ufw status – current rules and

root@penreturns:~$ ufw allow port – to allow traffic on port

root@penreturns:~$ ufw deny port – port block

root@penreturns:~$ ufw deny from ip – ip block

Command System.

root@penreturns:~$ lsb_release -a – get the version of Ubuntu

root@penreturns:~$ uname -r – get kernel version

root@penreturns:~$ uname -a – get all the information kernel

Commands for Package Manager.

root@penreturns:~$ sudo apt-get update – refresh updates available

root@penreturns:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade – update all packages

root@penreturns:~$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade – version update

root@penreturns:~$ sudo apt-get install pkg – installing pkg

root@penreturns:~$ sudo apt-get remove pkg – uninstall pkg

root@penreturns:~$ sudo apt-get autoremove – removing packages obsotletos

root@penreturns:~$ sudo apt-get -f install – try to fix packages

root@penreturns:~$ dpkg –configure -a – try to fix a broken package

root@penreturns:~$ dpkg -i pkg.deb – install file pkg.deb

root@penreturns:~$ (file) /etc/apt/sources.list – list of repositories APT

Special Packages For commands.

ubuntu-desktop – Setting the standard Ubuntu

kubuntu-desktop – KDE Desktop

xubuntu-desktop – desktop XFCE

ubuntu-minimal – core earnings Ubuntu

ubuntu-standard – the standard utilities Ubuntu

ubuntu-restricted-extras – not free, but useful

kubuntu-restricted-extras – ditto KDE

xubuntu-restricted-extras – ditto XFCE

build-essential – packages used to compile

linux-image-generic – latest generic kernel image

linux-headers-generic – latest headlines

Applications commands.

nautilus – File Manager (GNOME)

dolphin – File Manager (KDE)

konqueror – Web browser (KDE)

kate – text editor (KDE)

gedit – text editor (GNOME)

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